Kovalevsky is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Anton Kavalewski, Belarusian footballerAlexander Onufrievich Kovalevsky, (1840–1901), Russian embryologist with a medal named for him: the A.O. Kovalevsky MedalAnton Kovalevski, Ukrainian figure skaterMaksim Kovalevsky (1851–1916), Russian sociologistSofia Kovalevskaya (1850-1891), Russian mathematicianVladimir Ivanovich Kovalevsky (1848–1935), Russian statesmanVladimir Onufryevich Kovalevsky (1842–1883), Russian paleontologist who worked with Charles Darwin