Koehler is a transliteration of the German surname Köhler, referring to a man making charcoal from wood. Notable people with the surname include:
Arthur Koehler, American investigator notable for his role in the Lindbergh kidnapping investigation
Don Koehler, recognized as tallest man in the world from 1969 to 1981
Greg Koehler, Canadian ice hockey player for the Bloomington Prairie Thunder in the International Hockey League
Jim Koehler, professional monster truck driver
Johann Gottfried Koehler, German astronomer who discovered a number of nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies
Judy Koehler, Republican, former Illinois State Representative, U.S. Senate nominee, 18th Congressional district primary contestant, and losing incumbent to the Illinois 3rd District Appellate Court
Marc Koehler, Dutch architect
Pip Koehler, former Major League Baseball outfielder for the 1925 New York Giants
Paul Koehler, drummer in Silverstein, a Canadian straight-edge emo band
Robert Koehler, German-born painter and art teacher who spent most of his career in the United States of America
Ted Koehler, American lyricist who collaborated with composer Harold Arlen to write for live shows and movies from the 1920s through the 1940s
