Kodama (written: 兒玉, 児玉 or 小玉) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Arata Kodama (born 1982), Japanese football defender
Fusako Kodama (born 1945), renowned Japanese photographer
Kodama Gentarō (1852–1906), Japanese general of the Russo-Japanese War
Haruka Kodama (born 1996), Japanese idol singer, member of HKT48 and AKB48
Hideo Kodama (1876–1947), pre-World War II Japanese politician and cabinet minister
Kazuoki Kodama (born 1965), Japanese Nordic combined skier
Kenji Kodama (born 1949), Japanese anime director, and storyboard artist best known for directing the anime Case Closed and working with the anime Lupin III
Kiyoshi Kodama (1934–2011), Japanese actor and TV personality
Mari Kodama, international pianist born in Osaka, Japan and raised in Paris
María Kodama (born 1937), personal assistant and later wife of Jorge Luis Borges
Rieko Kodama (born 1963), video game designer involved with some of Sega's high profile projects
Yoshio Kodama (1911–1984), prominent figure in the rise of organized crime in Japan
Yuichi Kodama, Japanese video director
