Kobayakawa (written: 小早川) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Kobayakawa Hideaki (小早川 秀秋) (1577–1602), Japanese daimyō
Kobayakawa Hidekane (小早川 秀包) (1566–1601), Japanese samurai
Takehiko Kobayakawa (小早川 毅彦) (born 1961), Japanese baseball player
Kobayakawa Takakage (小早川 隆景) (1533–1597), Japanese samurai and daimyō
Fictional characters:
Yutaka Kobayakawa (小早川 ゆたか), character from Lucky Star
Miyuki Kobayakawa (小早川 美幸), protagonist of the manga series You're Under Arrest (manga)
Sena Kobayakawa (小早川 瀬那), protagonist of the manga series Eyeshield 21
Kobayakawa (Initial D) (小早川), a character of the manga series Initial D
An Kobayakawa (小早川 杏), a character of the manga series World Trigger
