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Mangalai (Chinese: 曼尕賴; pinyin: Màngǎlài) was a 13th-century kingdom with its capital in northwest China's Akesu city. Mentioned by Marco Polo, it was subservant to Genghis Khan from 1224 to his death in 1227. On the edge of the Yuan Dynasty of China, Mangalai was controlled by the Chagatai Khanate. It's latter history sees periods of autonomy or inclusion of one of many larger kingdoms including: Mogulistan, Kashgar, and Kingdom of Kashgaria. In 1877 the area came under the control of the Qing Dynasty of China and remains part of the Chinese province of Xinjiang.
Early time and Mongol conquests
Babdagan allied with Genghis Khan and his Mongols (1224–1227) playing taxes to them and providing military assistance thus keeping his kingdom. With the death of Genghis, the area came within the Chagatai Khanate from 1227 to 1348.