Khalilov (Azerbaijani: Xəlilov, Russian: Халилов, Ukrainian: Халілов) is a masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Khalilova. Notable people with the surname include:
Farhad Khalilov (born 1946), Azerbaijani painter
Jabir Khalilov (born 1958), Azerbaijani academic
Mikhaylo Khalilov (born 1975), Ukrainian cyclist
Rappani Khalilov (1969–2007), Russian rebel
Rauf Khalilov (born 1981), Azerbaijani film director
Salahaddin Khalilov (born 1952), Azerbaijani philosopher
Valery Khalilov (1952–2016), Russian musical composer and military band conductor
Vladislav Khalilov (born 1942), Russian physicist
Zahid Khalilov (1911–1974), Azerbaijani mathematician
