Kawashima (written: 川島, 川嶋) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ai Kawashima, musician
Azumi Kawashima, adult video (AV) actress
Chiyoko Kawashima, voice actress
Eiji Kawashima, association football goalkeeper
Hiroshi Kawashima, boxer
Justin Kawashima, music producer
Katsushige Kawashima, boxer
Kozo Kawashima, ski jumper
Motohiro Kawashima, video game composer
Naniwa Kawashima, spy
Naomi Kawashima, actress
Ryuta Kawashima, neuroscientist
Tokuyoshi Kawashima, voice actor
Umika Kawashima, singer and actress
Yasunaru Kawashima, cardiothoracic surgeon who pioneered the Kawashima procedure
Yoshiko Kawashima Manchu princess
Yuzo Kawashima, filmmaker
Fictional character:
Sapphire Kawashima, a main character from Hibike! Euphonium