Katayama is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Fred Katayama (born 1960), Japanese American news journalist
Katayama Shinji (born 1979), Japanese sumo wrestler
Kyoichi Katayama, (born 1959), Japanese author
Satsuki Katayama (born 1959), Japanese politician and former minister of finance
Sayuri Katayama (born 1979), Japanese actress
Sen Katayama (1859–1933), Communist activist
Shingo Katayama (born 1973), Japanese golfer
Tetsu Katayama (1887–1978), 46th Prime Minister of Japan
Ukyo Katayama, (born 1963), F1 driver
Yutaka Katayama (1909–2015), Japanese automotive executive best known as the long-time president of Nissan's American operations
