Katayama is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Fred Katayama (born 1960), Japanese American news journalistKatayama Shinji (born 1979), Japanese sumo wrestlerKyoichi Katayama, (born 1959), Japanese authorSatsuki Katayama (born 1959), Japanese politician and former minister of financeSayuri Katayama (born 1979), Japanese actressSen Katayama (1859–1933), Communist activistShingo Katayama (born 1973), Japanese golferTetsu Katayama (1887–1978), 46th Prime Minister of JapanUkyo Katayama, (born 1963), F1 driverYutaka Katayama (1909–2015), Japanese automotive executive best known as the long-time president of Nissan's American operations