Kashima (written: 鹿島) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Hitomi Kashima (born 1980), Japanese swimmer
Satoshi Kashima, Japanese civil engineer
Seibei Kashima (1866–1924), Japanese photographer
Sho Kashima (born 1986), American freestyle skier
Takehiro Kashima (born 1980), Japanese gymnast
Yamato Kashima (born 1992), American freestyle skier
Fictional characters:
Miyuki Kashima, one of the eponymous characters in the manga and anime series Miyuki
Yukari Kashima, fictional character in Vampire Princess Miyu
Yū Kashima, fictional character in Monthly Girls' Nozaki-kun