See also Jambudvipa.
In the Avesta, reference is made to seven karshvar (karšvrə < Modern Persian keshvar), climes or zones, organizing the world map into a seven-storied ziggurat representing the cosmic mountain. The world is referred to as the haft keshvar. The word has also been translated as "region", "state" or "continent".
The Avesta describes the karshvar as superimposed concentric circles one above the other, with increasing size. These are separated by waters, mountains or forests.
- Arezahi,
- Savahi,
- Fradadhafshu,
- Vidadhafshu,
- Vourubaresti,
- Vourugaresti,
- Hvaniratha.
The story of the creation of these seven regions is told in Bundahishn when "rain first fell upon the earth". Man lives in the karshvar Hvaniratha. Hvaniratha is believed to be "central one" and whose size was as large as all others together.The karshvar Hvaniratha is where "peak of Hara" (Alburz) had "grown from the roots of Elburz mountains".
Sufi traditions postulate an eighth clime, the "heavenly Earth" or "cosmic North".
In Theosophy, according to H. P. Blavatsky (The Devil's Own, 1891), Ahura is interpreted as a generic name for the sevenfold Deity, the Ruler of the Seven Worlds, and Hvaniratha is the middle plane (the fourth of seven), corresponding to Earth.