Kaneko (written: 金子 or 兼子) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ippei Kaneko, Japanese politician, finance minister 1978-79Josephine Conger-Kaneko, American journalist and writerJun Kaneko, Japanese ceramic artist living in the United StatesJutok Kaneko, Japanese musicianKazuma Kaneko, game designerMakoto Kaneko (baseball), Japanese baseball playerMisuzu Kaneko, Japanese poetMunehiro Kaneko, Japanese decathleteShūsuke Kaneko, Japanese film directorKaneko Kentarō, Japanese diplomat in the Meiji EraYasuji Kaneko, ex-soldier of the Imperial Japanese Army, known for his extensive war crimes testimonyYuji Kaneko (born 1990), Japanese baseball player