Kalinin (Russian: Калинин), or Kalinina (feminine; Калинина), is a Russian surname, derived from the word kalina (калина, meaning "guelder rose"). Notable people with the surname include:
Alexey Kalinin (1922–1943), Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union
Dmitri Kalinin (born 1980), Russian hockey player
Dmitry Gennadyevich Kalinin (born 1978), Russian football player
Ekaterina Kalinina (1882–1960), First Lady of the Soviet Union (1922–1946)
Fedor Kalinin, (1882–1920) Russian Soviet Bolshevik revolutionary and politician
Ganna Kalinina (born 1979), Ukrainian Olympic sailor
Irina Kalinina (born 1959), Soviet diver
Igor Kalinin, Ukrainian politician
Ihor Kalinin (born 1995), Ukrainian footballer
Konstantin Kalinin (1889–1940), Soviet aircraft designer
Ludmila Kalinina, skating coach
Mikhail Kalinin (1875–1946), Russian Soviet Bolshevik revolutionary and politician, head of state of Russia and later of the Soviet Union from 1919 to 1946
Natalia Kalinina (born 1973), Soviet gymnast
Sergei Kalinin – several people
