The "Kabul government" is a phrase used to describe the current government of Afghanistan, led by Hamid Karzai. This phrase is used to emphasise how it is not a national government, but only controls the capital (Kabul) and the immediate surrounding areas, while the rest of the country remains in control of the Taliban and local warlords. Thus, this may be considered a pejorative term.
References
Kabul government Wikipedia(Text) CC BY-SA