Name Joseph Gurney | Role 1744–1815 | |
Books Brachygraphy: Or, An Easy and Compendious System of Short Hand | ||
Joseph Gurney (1744–1815) was an English shorthand-writer and evangelical activist.
Contents
Life
The son of Thomas Gurney, he was his assistant and successor as a shorthand-writer in law courts and parliament. Before that, he spent a period as a bookseller, and he was in business with his sister Martha Gurney. Martha Gurney was a Baptist and abolitionist, active in the production of pamphlet literature. Gurney also associated with the radical William Fox, and was a friend of William Hawes.
Gurney was employed officially after 1790 to report civil cases in courts of law. In 1786 he attended as a reporter some slave-trade inquiries in the House of Lords. Recognised as a leading figure in his field, Gurney once commented that, of all speakers, he had most difficulty in transcribing the words of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The reason was that it was difficult to anticipate how sentences would come to an end.
At the Warren Hastings trial, Gurney acted as shorthand writer for the government; William Isaac Blanchard did so for the defence. The stenographic world was small, and Blanchard had previously been Gurney's assistant. Indeed, by the 1780s newspaper reporting was undermining the business model of commercial court reporters. In May 1789 the House of Commons called on Gurney to read, from his notes Edmund Burke's words accusing Sir Elijah Impey of murder; and a vote of censure on Burke was then passed. According to Thompson Cooper, writing in the Dictionary of National Biography, this incident was the first public acknowledgment of the verbal accuracy of shorthand.
In 1791 the House of Commons first used shorthand for reporting the proceedings of one of its committees on the Eau-Brink Drainage Bill. In the same year Gurney took notes of six election petition committees. In 1802 an act was passed authorising the regular use of shorthand in election committees; and in the following year, a select committee of the House of Commons having reported positively, it was generally applied to other committees.
Works
Gurney edited the ninth edition of his father Thomas Gurney's Brachygraphy in 1778. While Thomas Gurney had adopted the system of William Mason, his son as editor dropped mention of Mason's name.
Gurney was known for printed reports of major contemporary trials from his official shorthand notes. An early example was from 1770, of the libel case brought by George Onslow against John Horne Tooke. By 1773, with the trial of John Mostyn, he was publishing reports as books. There were around 40 of those, and Gurney employed clerks to transcribe for him. The reports included:
Gurney also edited The Gospel Magazine. He had a sideline in sermons, publishing some of George Whitefield. Samuel Fisher (1742–1803) was a Baptist minister and family connection, having married Rebecca Gurney's widowed mother, and Gurney published his sermons.
Family
Gurney married Rebecca Brodie (1747–1818), daughter of William Brodie of Mansfield. Their two sons were Sir John Gurney, and William Brodie Gurney. Their daughter Elizabeth (1770–1840) was a close friend of Eliza Gould.