Joplin is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Germaine Joplin (1903–1989), Australian geologistJanis Joplin (1943–1970), American singer-songwriterJosh Joplin, American singer-songwriterScott Joplin (c. 1867–1917), American ragtime composerStan Joplin (born 1957), American basketball coachThomas Joplin (c. 1790–1847), English timber merchant and bankerFictional charactersTrudy Joplin, character in television series Miami VicePiero Joplin, natural philosopher in the 2012 video game Dishonored