Name John Weaver | ||
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John Weaver (October 5, 1861 – March 18, 1928) was an American lawyer and politician who served as mayor of Philadelphia from 1903 to 1907.
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Early life and career
John Weaver was born in Stourport-on-Severn, England in 1861, the son of Benjamin Weaver and Elizabeth Wilks Weaver. After his mother died in 1874, Weaver found his prospects in England to be dim, and emigrated to the United States in 1881. On arriving there, he went to work as a messenger boy and later as a clerk at John Wanamaker's department store in Philadelphia. He became a naturalized American citizen in 1889. In 1885, he married Emily Jennings, the sister of his co-worker, William Nicholson Jennings. He became a member of Russell Conwell's Temple Baptist Church in the city's Tioga section, where he taught Sunday school.
Weaver studied shorthand at night and became a stenographer for a local attorney, John Sparhawk. Sparhawk encouraged him to study law, and he did so, being admitted to the bar in 1890. When Sparhawk's health began to fail, Weaver took over much of his practice, and soon became a respected local attorney. Weaver's success drew the attention of Philadelphia's Republican political machine, which was then the dominant political force in the city. When the ring's leader perceived that District Attorney P. Frederick Rothermel was becoming too independent, they nominated Weaver, a political unknown, instead. Rothermel ran against Weaver as an independent, but Weaver defeated him by a substantial margin.
As district attorney, Weaver showed signs of the same independence that imperiled Rothermel's position with the party, including initiating prosecution for voter fraud against a local politician. Despite this, the ring deemed Weaver reliable enough to nominate him for mayor in 1903, his independence being thought to be an advantage in blunting the arguments of the growing reform movement in the city. Weaver was elected by a large majority over Francis Fisher Kane, the Democrats' nominee.
Mayor
Weaver began his term as mayor without controversy, routinely awarding city contracts to members of the political establishment, as his political patrons expected. His first conflict with the machine came in 1905, when the City Councils passed a bill to lease the city's natural gas works to the United Gas Improvement Company for seventy-five years. The company was controlled by members of the Republican establishment, and the no-bid long-term lease was suspected by reformers as a way to keep gas prices high and insure profit for connected industrialists. Weaver got word of the bill when he was fishing in Canada. The proposed sale had by that time caused widespread outrage among the Philadelphians, and Weaver wrote a letter promising to veto the measure when he returned.
After vetoing the bill, Weaver removed two ring men who had helped facilitate the proposed sale, the Director of Public Works, Peter E. Costello, and the Director of Public Safety, David J. Smyth. This attack on the ring turned them forcefully against Weaver, who was quickly embraced by the reformers. Weaver, term-limited, left office in 1907. He returned to his private law practice, working in that field until his death in 1928. He was buried in Mount Peace Cemetery in Philadelphia.