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Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted

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Residence
  
Role
  
Chemist


Name
  
Johannes Bronsted

Nationality
  
Danish

Fields
  
Physical Chemistry

Johannes Nicolaus Bronsted Johannes Nicolaus Brnsted

Born
  
February 22, 1879Varde, Denmark (
1879-02-22
)

Institutions
  
Known for
  
Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theoryBronsted catalysis equation

Died
  
December 17, 1947, Copenhagen, Denmark

Parents
  
Sophus Theodor Bronsted, Nicoline Frederikke Schytte

Education
  
University of Copenhagen

Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted ([joˈhanˀəs ˈneɡ̊olɑʊ̯ˀs ˈb̥ʁɶnsd̥ɛð] 22 February 1879 – 17 December 1947) born in Varde, was a Danish physical chemist. He earned a degree in chemical engineering in 1899 and his Ph.D. in 1908 from the University of Copenhagen and was immediately thereafter appointed professor of inorganic and physical chemistry at the same university.

In 1906 he published the first of his many papers on electron affinity, and, simultaneously with the English chemist Thomas Martin Lowry, he introduced the protonic theory of acid-base reactions in 1923. That same year, Gilbert N. Lewis proposed an electronic theory of acid-base reactions, but both theories remain commonly used.

Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted httpsuploadwikimediaorgwikipediacommons22

He became known as an authority on catalysis by acids and bases and was the namesake of the Brønsted catalysis equation. Working with Lowry, he also developed the often-used theory of proton donation, theorizing that a hydrogen atom (which is always found in an acid) ionizes into hydronium upon dissolving in water, thereby losing its electron and becoming a proton donor, and that hydroxide (a water molecule stripped of one of its two hydrogen atoms) is a proton receiver. Mixing the two causes a neutralization reaction wherein hydronium and hydroxide combine, creating hydrogen hydroxide, a compound otherwise known as water. The pH scale may be interpreted as "power of hydrogen", and the definition is based on the work of Brønsted and Lowry.

Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted Johannes Nicolaus Brnsted Acids and Bases

In World War II, Brønsted's opposition to the Nazis led to his election to the Danish parliament in 1947, but he was too ill to take his seat and died shortly after the election.

Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted Johannes Nicolaus Bronsted developed BronstedLowry acid base theory

References

Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted Wikipedia


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