Classification idiophone | ||
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Other names quijada de burro, charrasca, jawbone Hornbostel–Sachs classification 112.211
(indirectly struck idiophone; scraped sticks without a resonator) | ||
The quijada, charrasca, or jawbone (in English), is an idiophone percussion instrument made the jawbone of a donkey, horse or mule cattle, producing a powerful buzzing sound. The jawbone is cleaned of tissue and dried to make the teeth loose and act as a rattle. It is used in music in most of Latin America, including Mexico, Peru, El Salvador, Ecuador, and Cuba.
Contents
Technique
To play it, a musician holds one end in one hand and strikes the other with either a stick or their hand; this causes the teeth to rattle against the bone creating a loud, untuned sound, specific to this instrument. The stick can also be pulled along the teeth which act as a rasp. These ingredients provide the basis for a wide variety of combinations and rhythms.
Historical and cultural content
While it is used in most Latin America, the quijada originated with the Africans brought to the Americas during the colonial era. It is believed that it was first introduced in Peru, making it an Afro-Peruvian instrument. It is a mix of African and Indigenous cultures, that created an instrument that gained value for the people of Latin America. It is one of the main instruments used by Afro-Peruvian musical ensembles and is used in many other Latin American cultures, like Candombe of Argentina (in Uruguay is not used), in sounds of Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, as well as Mexican music by son jarocho and "Costa Chica" ensembles. An example is a song played in Oaxaca, Mexico in which the quijada keeps the beat. The quijada de burro (quijada made of donkey jaw) is most often used at carnivals and religious festivals.