Country Empire of Japan Type Infantry Headquarters Names of Seoul Role Army | Branch Imperial Japanese Army Garrison/HQ Keijo Founded 1904 Allegiance Emperor of Japan | |
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Active March 11, 1904 - August 15, 1945 Similar Kwantung Army, Japanese China Garrison, Imperial Guard, Japanese Seventeenth Area Army, Korean People's Army | ||
The Japanese Korean Army (朝鮮軍, Chōsen-gun, literally "Korean Army") was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army that formed a garrison force in Korea under Japanese rule. The Korean Army consisted of roughly 350,000 troops in 1914.
History
Japanese forces occupied large portions of the Empire of Korea during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, and a substantial Korean Garrison Army (韓国駐剳軍, Kankoku Chusatsugun) was established in Seoul to protect the Japanese embassy and civilians on March 11, 1904. After the Annexation of Korea by the Empire of Japan in 1910, this force was renamed the Chosen Chusatsugun, and was further renamed the Japanese Korean Army on June 1, 1918. The primary task of the Korean Army was to guard the Korean peninsula against possible incursions from the Soviet Union; however, its units were also used for suppression of nationalist uprisings and political dissent within Korea itself. The Korean Army also came to the assistance of the Kwantung Army in its unauthorized invasion of Manchuria in 1931. In 1941, the Army was subordinated to the General Defense Command.
In 1945, as the situation in the Pacific War was turning increasingly against Japan, the Army was transformed into the Japanese Seventeenth Area Army, and subsequently placed under the overall administrative command of the Kwantung Army. Its two undermanned infantry divisions were unable to withstand the massive Soviet Red Army armored and amphibious assault on Korea during the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. After the surrender of Japan, the Army remained armed under operational command of the United States Army to maintain public order until the arrival of substantial Allied forces to take control.