Jakobson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
August Jakobson (1904–1963), Estonian writer
Carl Robert Jakobson (1841–1882), Estonian writer
Edmund Jacobson (1888–1983), an American physiologist
Eduard Magnus Jakobson (1847–1903), Estonian wood engraver
Gregg Jakobson (born 1939), American songwriter
Idel Jakobson (1904–1997), Estonian NKVD investigator
Lars Jakobson (born 1959), Swedish author
Lars Jakobson Thingnæsset (1760–1829), Norwegian farmer and politician
Max Jakobson (born 1923), Finnish diplomat
Roman Jakobson (1896–1982), Russian linguist
