Islamic Protestantism has been used to describe movements advocating for reformation in Islam, on a parallel to the Protestant Reformation.
Parallels between Islam and Protestantism have long been made. Some thinkers of the Enlightenment "tended to make Mohammed almost a good Protestant and in any event a perceptive opponent of the Curia Romana".
The Iranian author Hashem Aghajari argued for Islamic Protestantism in 2002, as a criticism of the theocratic Islamic state, describing it as: "A rational, scientific, humanistic Islam. It is a thoughtful and intellectual Islam, an open-minded Islam." However, he uses the term Protestantism to mean "a progressive religion rather than a traditional religion that tramples people," which has been said to bear little resemblance to Protestantism in its original form.