The International Radiotelegraph Convention (1912) established international callsigns, replacing the three letter callsigns prevalent then. Major world powers were given single prefixes such as N/K/W (United States), A (Germany), F (France), B (Great Britain). British colonies were given the call signs starting with V. The convention was signed at the International Radiotelegraph Conference in London on July 5, 1912.
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International Radiotelegraph Convention (1912) Wikipedia(Text) CC BY-SA