An Individual Number (個人番号, kojin bangō), also known as My Number (マイナンバー, mai nambā) is a 12-digit ID number for the taxation, the social security and the disaster response that will be issued to all citizens and residents of Japan, not only Japanese nationals living in Japan but also the foreign residents in Japan from late 2015.
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Promotional campaign
To advertise the system's introduction the Japanese government employed actress Aya Ueto and created a mascot character name "Maina-chan"
Fraud
The first fraud related to the system occurred when an elderly woman in the Kantō region was defrauded of several million yen.
References
Individual Number (Japan) Wikipedia(Text) CC BY-SA