Hrdlička is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Aleš Hrdlička (1869–1943), Czech-American anthropologist
Alfred Hrdlicka (1928–2009), Austrian sculptor, draughtsman, painter
Franz Hrdlicka, German Luftwaffe pilot
Ivan Hrdlička (born 1943), Slovak football player
Petr Hrdlička (born 1967), Czech sports shooter
Tomáš Hrdlička (born 1982), Czech football player