Henze is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Albert Henze (1894–1979), German Wehrmacht generalFrank Henze (born 1977), German slalom canoeistGertrud Henze (1901–2014), a German supercentenarianHans Werner Henze (1926–2012), German composerJürgen Henze (born 1950), East German slalom canoeistKarl Henze (1916–1985), German Luftwaffe pilotLeon Henze (born 1992), German footballerMartin Henze (born 1981), a German astronomer and namesake of minor planet 6642 HenzeMartin Henze, a German chemist who first discovered vanadium-containing proteins known as vanabins in 1911Matthias Henze, the Isla Carroll and Perry E. Turner Professor of Hebrew Bible and Early Judaism at Rice University in HoustonRichard Henze (1895–1985), a highly decorated Oberst of the Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War IIStefan Henze (1981–2016), German slalom canoeist