Henke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Adolph Henke (1775–1843), German physician and pharmacologist known for his work in medical forensics
Brad William Henke (born 1966), American actor
Ed Henke (born 1927), former National Football League player
Ernst Ludwig Theodor Henke (1804–1872), German historian
Fritz Henke (1921–1999), World War II Waffen SS soldier awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Heinrich Philipp Konrad Henke (1752–1809), German theologian; father of Ernst Henke
Holger Henke (born 1960), political scientist and assistant provost at York College, City University of New York
Jana Henke (born 1973), German former swimmer
Jonathan Henke (born 1974), American political blogger
Karl Henke (1896–1945), World War II German general
Kevin Henke, American geochemist
Michael Henke (born 1957), German football coach and former player
Nolan Henke (born 1964), American golfer
Thaddäus Haenke (1761–1816), Bohemian geographer and explorer in South America
Tom Henke (born 1957), retired Major League Baseball relief pitcher
Wayne J. Henke (born 1941), member of the Missouri House of Representatives
Werner Henke (1909–1944), World War II German submarine commander
Fictional characters:
Michelle Henke, in David Weber's Honorverse science fiction book series
Skezz Henke, in the HBO television drama Oz