Headlinese is an abbreviated writing style used in newspaper headlines. Because space is limited, headlines are written in a compressed telegraphic style, using special syntactic conventions, including:
Forms of the verb "to be" and articles are usually omitted.
Most verbs are in the simple present tense, e.g. "Governor signs bill", while the future is expressed as "to" followed by a verb, e.g. "Governor to sign bill".
In the US (but not the UK), conjunctions are often replaced by a comma, as in "Bush, Blair laugh off microphone mishap".
Country names are often used instead of their adjective form, e.g. "Russia fires warning shot at Turkey boat".
Individuals are usually named by their last name only, with no honorifics.
Organizations and institutions are often named by metonymy: "Wall Street" for "the financial industry", "Whitehall" for the UK government administration, "Madrid" for "the government of Spain", "Davos" for "World Economic Forum", and so on.
Use of many contractions and abbreviations: in the USA, for example, Dems (for "Democrats") and GOP (for the Republican Party, from the nickname "Grand Old Party"); in the UK, Lib Dems (for the Liberal Democrats), Tories (for the Conservative Party).
Some periodicals have their own distinctive headline styles, such Variety and its entertainment-jargon headlines, most famously "Sticks Nix Hick Pix".
To save space, headlines often use extremely short words (many of which are not in common use otherwise) in unusual or idiosyncratic ways:
Many verbs can be converted into nouns, e.g. "rap" could be understood as either "criticize" or "criticism" depending on context.
