Possible time of origin 30,000-40,000 Defining mutations P397, P399 | Ancestor K2b (P331) | |
Possible place of origin Southeast Asia; Oceania. Descendants K2b1a (CTS5650/
F3744/P405);
K2b1b (P336);
K2b1c (P378); and
M (P256), also known as K2b1d | ||
Haplogroup K2b1 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, defined by SNPs P397 and P399. It has a complex, diverse and not-yet fully understood internal structure; its downstream descendants include the major haplogroups Haplogroup M (P256) and Haplogroup S (M230).
Contents
It is not clear at present whether the basal paragroup K2b1* is carried by any living males. Individuals carrying subclades of K2b1 are found primarily among Papuan peoples, Micronesian peoples, indigenous Australians, and Polynesians.
Structure
K2b1 is a direct descendant of K2b – known previously as Haplogroup MPS.
Its primary branches are:
Distribution
The vast majority of males carrying K2b1 are members of Haplogroup M and Haplogroup S, in New Guinea.
K2b1 is strongly associated with the indigenous peoples of Melanesia and Micronesia, and to a lesser extent Polynesia, where it is generally found only among 5–10% of males. It is found in 83% of males in Papua New Guinea, and up to 60% in the Aeta of the Philippines.
Major studies of indigenous Australian Y-DNA, published in 2014 and 2015, suggest that about 29% of indigenous Australian males belong to subclades of K2b1. That is, up to 27% carry K2b1a1 (P60, P304, P308), which has also been referred to as "S-P308", while approximately 2.0% (all Torres Strait Islanders) belonged to Haplogroup M1, which is also known as K2b1d1 – i.e. 0.9% of samples in a study in which 45% of the total were deemed to be non-indigenous. (The other Y-DNA haplogroups found were: basal K2* [K-M526], C1b2b [M347; previously Haplogroup C4], and basal C* [M130].)