Gouveia is a Portuguese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
André de Gouveia, (1497–1548), Portuguese humanist and pedagogueAntônio Gouveia, (known as Carlão) (b. 1965), Brazilian volleyball playerFialho Gouveia, (1935–2004), Portuguese TV and radio presenterInácio Henrique de Gouveia, Brazilian military leaderKurt Gouveia,(b. 1964), American football linebackerLata Gouveia, (b. 1975), Blues singerRicardo Gouveia is the real name of Rigo 23, (b. 1966 ),Portuguese muralist and painter and political artistTeodósio de Gouveia, (1889–1962), Portuguese Cardinal of the Roman Catholic ChurchTeresa Patrício de Gouveia, (b. 1946), Portuguese politicianWilson Gouveia, (b. 1978), Brazilian mixed martial arts participant