Goncharov is a Russian surname shared by the following people:
Alexander Goncharov Mathematician
Goncharov conjecture
Aleksandr Goncharov (b. 1959), Soviet Russian hockey player
George Goncharov Dance instructor
Ivan Goncharov (1812-1891), Russian author
Natalya Goncharova (disambiguation), several people
Pyotr Goncharov (1888-1970), Russian composer
Ruslan Goncharov (b. 1973), Ukrainian figure skater
Valeri Goncharov (b. 1977), Ukrainian gymnast
Vasily Goncharov (1861-1915), Russian film director and screenwriter