Gilmer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexander Gilmer (1829–1906), sawmill ownerDixie Gilmer (1901–1954), U.S. Representative from OklahomaElizabeth Gilmer (1880–1960), New Zealand social worker, educationist and horticulturistElizabeth Meriwether Gilmer (1861—1951), American columnist better known as Dorothy DixDr. George Gilmer, Sr. (1700–1757), mayor of Williamsburg, VirginiaGeorge Rockingham Gilmer (1790–1859), American politicianHarry Gilmer (born 1926), College Football Hall of Fame member and National Football League playerJeremy Francis Gilmer, (1818–83), American soldier, Chief Engineer of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil WarJohn Adams Gilmer (1805–1868), American politician and brother of Jeremy GilmerThomas Walker Gilmer (1802–1844), American statesmanWilliam Gilmer (died 1955), American Naval officer and Governor of Guam