Gilliland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexis A. Gilliland (born 1931), American science fiction writer and cartoonist
Allan Gilliland (born 1965), Canadian composer
Butch Gilliland (born 1958), American race car driver
Charles L. Gilliland (1933–1951), American soldier and Medal of Honor recipient
David Gilliland (born 1976), American race car driver
Edwin R. Gilliland (1909–1973), American chemical engineer
John Gilliland (1935–1998), American radio broadcaster and documentarian
Kaitlyn Gilliland, New York City Ballet dancer
Margaret Sylvia Gilliland (1917–), Australian biochemist
Richard Gilliland (born 1950), American television and movie actor
Thomas Gilliland (fl.1804-1816), English theatre critic