Gilfillan is a Scots surname. Notable people with the name include:
Bobby Gilfillan (footballer born 1926), Scottish professional footballerBobby Gilfillan (footballer born 1938) (died 2012), Scottish professional footballerCalvin Willard Gilfillan (1832–1901), US CongressmanCeris Gilfillan (born 1980), British racing cyclistRev. George Gilfillan (1813–1878), Scottish poet and criticJames Gilfillan (circa 1836–1929), Treasurer of the United StatesJock Gilfillan (1898–1976), Scottish professional footballerJohn Bachop Gilfillan (1835–1924), US CongressmanRev. Joseph Alexander Gilfillan (1838–1913), Irish-American missionaryMerrill Gilfillan (born 1945), US poetRobert Gilfillan (1798–1850), Scottish songwriter