Gerasimov (Russian: Герасимов) or Gerasimova (feminine; Герасимова) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Aleksei Gerasimov (disambiguation), multiple people
Aleksandr Gerasimov (painter) (1881–1963), Russian/Soviet painter
Aleksandr Gerasimov (footballer) (born 1969), former Russian professional football player
Anatoly Gerasimov (1945–2013), Russian/American musician
Dmitry Gerasimov (c.1465–after 1535), Russian translator, diplomat, and philologist
Gennadi Gerasimov (1930–2010), Soviet diplomat
Innokentiy Gerasimov (scientist) (1905–1985), a Soviet geographer, geomorphologist, soil scientist, and academician
Innokenty Gerasimov (1918-1992), a Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union
Ivan Gerasimov (footballer) (born 1985), Russian footballer
Ivan Gerasimov (botanist) (1867-about 1920), Russian botanist
Ivan Herasymov (1921–2008), Soviet military general and Ukrainian politician
Kirill Gerasimov (born 1971), Russian professional poker player
Konstantin G. Gerasimov, a Russian soloist with the Alexandrov Ensemble
Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gerasimov (1907–1970), a Soviet archaeologist and anthropologist
Mikhail Gerasimov (poet) (1889–1939), Russian/Soviet poet
Mikhail Gerasimov (viticulturist) (1884–1966), a Soviet viticulturist
Nikolay Gerasimov (1911–1960), a Soviet aircraft pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union
Pavel Gerasimov (athlete) (born 1979), Russian athlete
Pavel Gerasimov (diplomat), a Soviet diplomat and Ambassador
Pyotr Gerasimov (1877–1919), a Russian politician
Sergey Gerasimov (disambiguation), multiple people
Vadim Gerasimov, co-developer of the famous video game Tetris
Valery Gerasimov, Russian Chief of the General Staff since 2012
Vladimir Dmitriyevich Gerasimov (born 1989), Russian professional football player
Vladimir Vladimirovich Gerasimov (born 1975), Russian professional football coach and former player
Yakov Gerasimov (1903-?), a Soviet physical chemist