Gautreaux, also Gautreau, is a surname of French origin. Notable people with the surname include:
Dorothy Gautreaux, litigant in the U.S. Supreme Court case Hills v. Gautreaux
Pierre Gautreau, husband of Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau
Sid Gautreaux, catcher for the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team
Tim Gautreaux, Southeastern Louisiana University professor and American novelist
Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, Louisiana-born Parisien socialite known as "Madame X" from a portrait painting by John Singer Sargent