Gautreaux, also Gautreau, is a surname of French origin. Notable people with the surname include:
Dorothy Gautreaux, litigant in the U.S. Supreme Court case Hills v. GautreauxPierre Gautreau, husband of Virginie Amélie Avegno GautreauSid Gautreaux, catcher for the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball teamTim Gautreaux, Southeastern Louisiana University professor and American novelistVirginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, Louisiana-born Parisien socialite known as "Madame X" from a portrait painting by John Singer Sargent