Fiedler is a German surname meaning "fiddler". Notable people with the surname include:
Adolf Gottlieb Fiedler, industrial investor beginning 19th century in Saxony, Germany and Opatówek, Poland
Arkady Fiedler (1894–1985), Polish writer
Arthur Fiedler (1894–1979), American conductor
Bea Fiedler (born 1957), German model
Bobbi Fiedler (born 1937), American politician
Christian Fiedler (born 1975), former German football goalkeeper
Edgar Fiedler (d. 2003), American economist
Ellen Fiedler (born 1958), German athlete
Franz Fiedler (1885–1956), Austrian photographer
Fred Fiedler (born 1922), industrial and organizational psychologist
Fiedler contingency model, a leadership theory developed by Fred Fiedler
Fritz Fiedler (1899–1972), German automobile engineer
Hermann Georg Fiedler (1862–1945), German scholar
Jay Fiedler (born 1971), American football player
Jens Fiedler (canoer), East German sprint canoer
Jens Fiedler (cyclist), German cyclist
John Fiedler (1925–2005), American actor
Joshua Fiedler, American musician
Lee N. Fiedler (born 1941), former mayor of Cumberland, Maryland
Leslie Fiedler (1917–2003), American literary critic
Margaret Fiedler, London-based American musician
Max Fiedler (1859–1939), German conductor and composer
Miroslav Fiedler (1926–2015), Czech mathematician
Richard Fiedler, German scientist who invented the flame thrower