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Eduardo Sáenz de Buruaga y Polanco (1893 in Camagüey, Cuba – February 17, 1964 in Madrid) was a prominent Spanish military officer from the Army of Africa and recipient of the Military Medal of Spain along with numerous others military condecorations. During the Spanish Civil War, Colonel Sáenz de Buruaga backed General Franco and led elements of the Nationalist Army in the key battles of the Corunna Road, the Jarama, and Teruel.
In 1910 Sáenz de Buruaga enrolled at the Toledo Infantry Academy (Academia de Infantería de Toledo) and studied under Colonel José Villalba Riquelme. Rising in support of Franco's pronunciamiento of July 17–18, 1936, Sáenz de Buruaga's and Colonel Asensio's troops seized Tetuán in Spanish Morocco for the military rebels and imprisoned the Spanish High Commissioner. Franco promoted him to full general during the Battle of the Ebro. After the war Sáenz de Buruaga served terms as Captain General of Seville, the Balearic Islands; and Governor of Madrid and the comarca of the Campo de Gibraltar.
Sáenz de Buruaga is responsible for ruthless massacres of loyalists in the early period of the Spanish Civil War, including the Massacre of Baena, where about 700 loyalists were murdered by his orders. Other estimates mention up to 2,000 victims following the brutal repression in Baena.