Eder is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alfred Eder (born 1953), Austrian biathleteClaudia Eder, German singerElfi Eder (born 1970), Austrian alpine skierFranz Xaver Eder (1925–2013), German Roman Catholic bishopHans Eder (skier), Austrian Nordic skierJohn Eder, American politicianJosef Maria Eder (1855–1944) Austrian chemist specialized in the chemistry of photographyLinda Eder, American singer and actressNorbert Eder, German football playerSantiago Eder, Colombian sugar industry pioneerSimon Eder (born 1983), Austrian biathleteSylvia Eder (born 1965), Austrian alpine skier