Eder is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alfred Eder (born 1953), Austrian biathlete
Claudia Eder, German singer
Elfi Eder (born 1970), Austrian alpine skier
Franz Xaver Eder (1925–2013), German Roman Catholic bishop
Hans Eder (skier), Austrian Nordic skier
John Eder, American politician
Josef Maria Eder (1855–1944) Austrian chemist specialized in the chemistry of photography
Linda Eder, American singer and actress
Norbert Eder, German football player
Santiago Eder, Colombian sugar industry pioneer
Simon Eder (born 1983), Austrian biathlete
Sylvia Eder (born 1965), Austrian alpine skier
