Duncanson is a Scottish patronymic surname meaning "son of Duncan". People with the name Duncanson include:
Albert Duncanson (1911 – ), Canadian, Olympic ice hockey player
Craig Duncanson (b. 1967), Canadian professional ice hockey left winger
Jimmy Duncanson (1919 – 1996) Scottish footballer
John Duncanson (clergyman) (c. 1530–1601), Scottish clergyman, tutor and chaplain to King James VI
John Duncanson (broadcaster), former British television continuity announcer and presenter
Kirk Duncanson FRSE (1846-1913) botanist and surgeon
Robert Scott Duncanson (c. 1822 - 1872), African American artist
