Dichanthelium is genus of flowering plants of the grass family, Poaceae . They are known commonly as rosette grasses .
Formerly a subgenus of the genus Panicum , Dichanthelium was elevated to genus status in 1974. Its species are still treated as members of Panicum by some authorities, because the two genera are very similar in form. Molecular data supports the recognition of Dichanthelium as a separate genus.
These are perennial grasses, sometimes with rhizomes . The grasses may overwinter as rosettes of short, wide leaves and then produce longer, wider leaves on the stem during spring. They produce hollow stems a few centimeters tall to well over one meter. They are upright to erect when new, then sometimes sprawling, spreading, and bending as the season progresses. The upper stems may have a few main branches that divide into smaller branches bearing panicles . There are primary panicles, which may be chasmogamous , and secondary panicles, which are often cleistogamous . The spikelets are roughly 1 to 5 millimeters long and lack awns .
There are about 72 species in the genus.
Species include:
Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A.Clark – needleleaf rosette grass, narrow-leaved panicgrassDichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould &C.A. Clark – tapered rosette grass, hotsprings rosette grass, hairy panicgrassDichanthelium adenorhachis (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium aequivaginatum (Swallen) Zuloaga Dichanthelium albomaculatum (Scribn.) Gould Dichanthelium angustifolium (Elliott) Gould Dichanthelium annulum (Ashe) LeBlond Dichanthelium assurgens (Renvoize) Zuloaga Dichanthelium boreale (Nash) Freckmann – northern panicgrassDichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A.Clark – Bosc's panicgrassDichanthelium cabrerae (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium caerulescens (Hack. ex Hitchc.) Correll Dichanthelium caparoense (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium chamaelonche (Trin.) Freckmann & Lelong – small-seeded panicgrassDichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould – deertongueDichanthelium columbianum (Scribn.) Freckmann Dichanthelium commonsianum (Ashe) Freckmann Dichanthelium commutatum (Schult.) Gould – variable panicgrassDichanthelium congestum (Renvoize) Zuloaga Dichanthelium conjugens (Skottsb.) C.A.Clark & Gould Dichanthelium cordovense (E.Fourn.) Davidse Dichanthelium cucaense (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium cumbucana (Renvoize) Zuloaga Dichanthelium cynodon (Reichardt) C.A.Clark & Gould – tussock panicgrassDichanthelium davidsei (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould – starved panicgrassDichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould – cypress panicgrass, forked panicgrassDichanthelium ensifolium (Baldwin ex Elliott) Gould – sword-leaf panicgrassDichanthelium forbesii (Hitchc.) C.A. Clark & Gould Dichanthelium fusiforme (Hitchc.) Harvill Dichanthelium hebotes (Trin.) Zuloaga Dichanthelium heliophilum (Chase ex Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium hillebrandianum (Hitchc.) C.A.Clark & Gould – bog rosette grassDichanthelium hirstii (Swallen) Kartesz – Hirst's panicgrassDichanthelium implicatum (Scribn.) Kerguélen Dichanthelium isachnoides (Munro ex Hillebrand) C.A.Clark & Gould – Maui rosette grassDichanthelium itatiaiae (Swallen) Zuloaga Dichanthelium joori (Vasey) Mohlenbr. Dichanthelium koolauense (H.St.John & Hosaka ) C.A.Clark & Gould – Koolau rosette grassDichanthelium lanuginosum (Elliott) Gould Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Harvill – broadleaf rosette grassDichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould – openflower rosette grass, soft-tufted panicgrassDichanthelium leibergii (Vasey) Freckmann – Leiberg's rosette grassDichanthelium leucoblepharis (Trin.) Gould & C.A.Clark Dichanthelium lindheimeri (Nash) Gould Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn.) Gould – slimleaf rosette grass, linear-leaved panicgrassDichanthelium lucidum (Ashe) LeBlond Dichanthelium macrospermum Gould Dichanthelium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould – softleaf rosette grassDichanthelium mattamuskeetense (Ashe) Mohlenbr. Dichanthelium microcarpon (Muhl. ex Elliott) Mohlenbr. Dichanthelium nitidum (Lam.) Mohlenbr. Dichanthelium nodatum (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould – Sarita rosette grassDichanthelium nudicaule (Vasey) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin – naked-stemmed panicgrassDichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould – Heller's rosette grass, fewanther obscuregrass, few-flowered panicgrassDichanthelium ovale (Elliott) Gould & C.A.Clark – eggleaf rosette grass, stiff-leaved panicgrassDichanthelium pantrichum (Hack.) Davidse Dichanthelium pedicellatum (Vasey) Gould – cedar rosette grass, corm-based panicgrassDichanthelium peristypum (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium perlongum (Nash) Freckmann – long-stalked panicgrassDichanthelium petropolitanum (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium polyanthes (Schult.) Mohlenbr. – many-flowered panicgrassDichanthelium portoricense (Desv. ex Ham.) B.F.Hansen & Wunderlin – blunt-glumed panicgrassDichanthelium pycnoclados (Tutin) Davidse Dichanthelium ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould – Ravenel's rosette grassDichanthelium sabulorum (Lam.) Gould & C.A.Clark – hemlock rosette grassDichanthelium scabriusculum (Elliott) Gould & C.A.Clark – woolly rosette grass, tall-swamp panicgrassDichanthelium sciurotis (Trin.) Davidse Dichanthelium sciurotoides (Zuloaga & Morrone) Davidse Dichanthelium scoparioides (Ashe) Mohlenbr. Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould – velvet panicumDichanthelium scribnerianum (Nash) Gould Dichanthelium sendulskyii (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Elliott) Gould – roundseed panicgrass, round-fruited panicgrassDichanthelium sphagnicola (Nash) LeBlond Dichanthelium stigmosum (Trin.) Zuloaga Dichanthelium stipiflorum (Renvoize) Zuloaga Dichanthelium strigosum (Muhl. ex Elliott) Freckmann – roughhair rosette grass, cushion-tuft panicgrassDichanthelium superatum (Hack.) Zuloaga Dichanthelium surrectum (Chase ex Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium telmatum (Swallen) Zuloaga Dichanthelium umbonulatum (Swallen) Davidse Dichanthelium viscidellum (Scribn.) Gould Dichanthelium wilcoxianum (Vasey) Freckmann – fall rosette grass, Wilcox's panicgrassDichanthelium xalapense Kunth Dichanthelium xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckmann – slender rosette grass, pale panicgrassDichanthelium yadkinense (Ashe) Mohlenbr.