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The Court of Exchequer Chamber was an English appellate court for common law civil actions, prior to the reforms of the Judicature Acts of 1873-1875.
The Court heard references from the King's Bench, the Court of Exchequer and, from 1830, the Court of Common Pleas. It was constituted from four judges belonging to the two courts that had been uninvolved at first instance. In cases of exceptional importance such as Rex v. Hampden (1637) all twelve common law judges, sitting in Exchequer Chamber, might be asked to determine a point of law, the matter being referred by the Court hearing the case rather than the parties.
Though further appeal to the House of Lords was possible, this was rare before the nineteenth century. As a rule a judgement of the Exchequer Chamber was considered the definitive statement of the law, although certain judgements like Hampden ( the case of Ship Money ) caused political controversy.
It was superseded by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales.