Composite bar charts are bar charts where each bar displays multiple data points stacked in a single row or column. This may, for instance, take the form of uniform height bars charting a time series with internal stacked colours indicating the percentage participation of a sub-type of data. Another example would be a time series displaying total numbers, with internal colors indicating participation in the total by sub-types.
(different explanation) a composite bar chart is a chart that shows the data in a faster way. you stack the information on the top o each other, and by the use of a colour code/ key you are able to recognise what is what.
References
Composite bar chart Wikipedia(Text) CC BY-SA