Province Province of Zamora | Phone +34 980 69 03 88 | |
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Address Cuesta de las Berceras, 1, 49800 Toro, Zamora, Zamora, Spain Similar Zamora Cathedral, Iglesia de San Salvador, Old Cathedral of Salam, Alcázar de Toro, San Martín de Tours de Frómis | ||
The Collegiate church of Santa María la Mayor (Church of Saint Mary the Great) is a church in Toro, province of Zamora, Spain.
Construction
One of the most characteristical examples of transitional Romanesque architecture in Spain, the church of Santa María la Mayor is inspired to the Cathedral of Zamora, in turn inspired to the Old Cathedral of Salamanca. The tower-dome is usually enlisted as one of the four most typical in León together with those in the cathedrals of Salamanca, Plasencia and Zamora.
It was begun around 1170, and was finished in the mid-13th century. Two different director of the works have been identified, according to the different types of stone used (limestone in the old sections, sandstone in the most recent ones), and by the barrel vaults in the transept. The church is on the Latin cross plan, with a nave and two aisles, with a transept over whose architecture is the hexadecagonal dome. The transept ends with three semicircular apses.
Notable is the Majesty portico (Pórtico de la Majestad), which houses the southern entrance. It was built under the reign of Sancho IV of Castile and León (1284–1295), and is decorated with polychrome sculptures depicting scenes of the life of the Virgin, Christ and the Final Judgement.
Also in the church are the Flemish painting La Virgen de la Mosca ("Virgin of the Fly") and an unusual sculpture of a Pregnant Virgin, dating to the 13th century. The painting of the Virgin of the Fly is especially unique because of the realistic portrayal of a fly on the tunic which covers the Virgen's knee. Studies of the work demonstrate that this insect was added later. These same studies have pointed out numerous touchings-up in the original painting, such as the halo that surrounds the head of the Virgin, previously covered by a veil, or the rich embroidery on the dress of Saint Catherine of Alexandria, whose face has a great resemblance with some paintings of Isabella I of Castile.