Chizhov, feminine: Chizhova (Russian: Чижов) is the surname of:
Matthew Chizhov (1838–1916), Russian sculptor
Alexei Chizhov (born 1964), Russian international draughts player
Valeri Chizhov (born 1975), Russian footballer
Vadim Chizhov (born 1984), Russian footballer
Oleksandr Chyzhov (born 1986), Ukrainian footballer
Nadezhda Chizhova (born 1945), Russian shotputter