Chernyshov (Russian: Чернышов) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Chernyshova. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexey Chernyshov (born 1963), Russian politicianAndrey Chernyshov (born 1968), Russian association football manager and former playerGalina Chernyshova (born 1993), Russian cyclistIgor Chernyshov (born 1984), Russian football playerKonstantin Chernyshov (born 1967), Russian chess grandmasterOleg Chernyshov (born 1986), Russian football playerPavel Chernyshov (born 1995), Belarusian football playerSergei Chernyshov (disambiguation)Venera Chernyshova (born 1954), Soviet biathleteVladislav Chernyshov (born 1981), Kazakh-Kyrgyz football playerYegor Chernyshov (footballer, born 1997), Russian football playerYegor Chernyshov (footballer, born 1998), Russian football playerYelizaveta Chernyshova (born 1958), Soviet hurdlerYevgeni Chernyshov (disambiguation)