Cherkassky (Russian: Черкасский), or Cherkasskaya (Черкасская; feminine), may refer to:
Count Mikhail Cherkassky (? - 1571), Russian voyevoda and notable oprichnik
Yakov Cherkassky (? - 1666), Russian statesman and military figure
Prince Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky (? - 1717), Russian officer who led the first Russian military expedition into Central Asia
Count Alexey Cherkassky (1680-1742), Russian statesman
Abram Cherkassky (1886-1967), Ukrainian/Soviet painter
Shura Cherkassky (1911-1995), Russian-born American classical pianist
Count Vladimir Cherkassky (1824-1878), Russian public figure
