Chamberlayne is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Edward Chamberlayne (1616–1703), English writer
Tankerville Chamberlayne (1840–1924), English Member of Parliament
Thomas Chamberlayne (disambiguation) several men with this name
William Chamberlayne (poet) (1619–1679), English poet
William Chamberlayne (MP) (1760–1829), English Member of Parliament and landowner
The Chamberlayne family, an influential family of Weston, Southampton, United Kingdom