Name Cesar Dumarsais Died June 11, 1756, France | Role Philosopher | |
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Cesar Chesneau, sieur Dumarsais or Du Marsais (July 17, 1676 – June 11, 1756) was a French philosophe, grammarian and contributor to the Encyclopedie ou Dictionnaire raisonne des sciences, des arts et des metiers. . He was a prominent figure in what became known as the Enlightenment, and contributed to Diderot’s Encyclopedie.
Born in Marseille, Dumarsais trained in Paris as a lawyer, before abandoning the bar to pursue the life of the mind, subsisting on occasional law students and later on the meager revenue from a pension in the city's Faubourg-Saint Victor. He wrote clandestine tracts in favour of freethought, attacked the French church in books and pamphlets, and proposed, to no avail, a reform of French orthography. He died infirm; in the words of a eulogy penned for the Encyclopedie by D'Alembert, "he lived poor and ignored by the fatherland he had taught".
Principal works include Methode raisonne pour apprendre la langue latine (1722) and Principes de grammaire (1769). Traite des Tropes (1730) was an influential early attempt to generate a philosophical theory of figurative language. A seven-volume French edition of his complete known works was published in 1797.