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A cascade impactor is used when a particulate substance is moved through an opening with the use of aerosol. The impactor is used to measure the range of the substance’s reach. Cascade impactors are strictly measurement-related devices.In addition to measuring the range of substances moved through an opening by aerosol, the impactor can also be used to determine the particle size of the distributed substance. A cascade impactor collects its samples in a graduated manner. This allows the user to identify the sizes of the substance particles as the particles are distributed from the propellant aerosol source.When the aerosol substance is distributed into the cascade impactor, the substance enters a series of discs designed to collect solids and different particulate matter. The substance is thus collected as it passes through the disc series. Each disc is set in sequence with both the prior and the previous disc. The size of the discs is graduated as well, to properly determine the size of the particulate matter at each stage of the impactor.
Ancon Technologies Aero Select Cascade Impactor
An impactor is a device that classifies particles present in a sample of air or gas into known size ranges. It does this by drawing the air sample through a cascade of progressively finer nozzles. The air jets from these nozzles impact on plane sampling surfaces and each stage collects finer particles than its predecessor. The samples may be analysed under the microscope or by any method of chemical analysis that may be suitable for obtaining the mass of material of interest on each stage, e.g. Atomic Absorption or Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
An example of use of a cascade impactor is within the Aero Select instrument, developed by Ancon Technologies Ltd. It's function removes all particles greater than 0.25µm aerodynamic diameter from the flow of gas and makes it possible to fractionate nanoparticles according to their sizes. Unique in air particle sampling, the Aero Select is able to sample particles across the entire aerosol range from 1 nm to 35 µm in 12 size sections.
All cascade impactors have certain design features in common. By using suitable pumps, jet dimensions can be decreased to the point where the velocity is close to that of sound, enabling particles down to about 0.25 µm to be impacted. Consistent with the object of obtaining the best possible accuracy of sampling and analysis, much attention was given to the following design features for the Aero Select:
Ease of use
Size spectrum covered
Size discrimination
Jets
Collection stages
Sampling surfaces
Housing.